CS 424 / CS 556 - Foundations of Computational Algebra

University of Western Ontario
Computer Science Department

Date: September 11, 2009

Symbolic computations manipulate numbers by using their mathematical definitions rather than using floating point approximations. Consequently, their results are exact, complete and can be made canonical. However, they can be huge! Moreover, intermediate expressions may be much bigger than the input and output.

One of the main successes of the Computer Algebra community in the last 30 years is the discovery of algorithms, called modular methods, that allow to keep the swell of the intermediate expressions under control. Even better: these methods fit almost each of the intermediate values in a machine word. Without these methods, many applications of Computer Algebra would not be possible and the impact of Computer Algebra in the scientific community would be severely reduced.

Today, modular computations are well-developed, especially for univariate and bivariate polynomial arithmetic and for linear algebra. They form the foundation for all modern algorithms in Computer Algebra.

Based on these techniques and by integrating advanced programming language features, Computer Algebra systems have become powerful tools for scientific computing, with applications in cryptography, robotics, theoretical physics and other areas.

In the last decade, the growing demand of speed, accuracy, and reliability in scientific and engineering computing has been accelerating the merging of symbolic and numeric computations, two types of computation coexisting in mathematics yet separated in traditional research of mathematical computation. This recent development adds a new strength to Computer Algebra systems and allow them to increase the range of their applications. This includes areas where experimental measurements (which are necessarily approximate values) are involved, such as biology, chemistry and economy.

The main topics of this course are listed below:

• Overview of Computer Algebra and Computer Algebra systems.
• Fast polynomial multiplication algorithms (FFT, Karatsuba).
• Chinese remaindering algorithm.
• Newton's iteration and Hensel lifting.
• Exact Linear Algebra. Fast Linear Algebra.
• Polynomial gcds and resultants.

Outlines.

This presents the contents of the course, its assignments, quizzes and projects. outline.html

Lectures.

There are based on the Modern Computer Algebra book and recent papers. The notes from Winter 2005 to Winter 2007 appear below.

• Introduction.html
• Introduction.ps.gz
• EuclideanMethods.html
• EuclideanMethods.ps.gz
• FastMultiplication.html
• FastMultiplication.ps.gz
• FastDivisionAndGcd.html
• FastDivisionAndGcd.ps.gz
• Newton.html
• Newton.ps.gz
• Hensel.html
• Hensel.ps.gz
• ResultantGcd.html
• ResultantGcd.ps.gz

MAPLE Worksheets and AXIOM programs.

• Bareiss.mw
• firstContact.mw
• polynomials.input

Other useful documents.

• Master Theorem: Practice Problems and Solutions

Lecture topics (Winter 2008).

Week Jan. 7-13	Introduction to Computer Algebra
Week Jan. 14-20	The Euclidean Algorithm
Week Jan. 21-27	Modular Arithmetic
Week Jan. 28-3	Modular Computation
Week Feb. 4-10	Interpolation and Rational Reconstruction
Week Feb. 11-17	FFT and Fast Univariate Polynomial Multiplication
Week Feb. 18-24	FFT and Fast Univariate Polynomial Multiplication
Week Mar. 3-9	Fast Division and Fast Euclidean Algorithm
Week Mar. 10-16	Fast Division and Fast Euclidean Algorithm
Week Mar. 17-23	P-adic Expansions and Approximations
Week Mar. 24-30	Symbolic Newton Iteration
Week Apr. 31-6	Hensel Lifting
Week Apr. 7-13	Project Presentations

Assignments and projects for Winter 2008.

Assignment 1 (compressed postscript).	Assignment 1 (html pages).	Posted Jan. 31	Due Feb. 14
Assignment 2+3 (compressed postscript).	Assignment 2+3 (html pages).	Posted March. 18	Due April. 8

Quizzes from Winter 2007.

Quiz 1 (html pages). Quiz 1 (compressed postscript). Quiz 2 (html pages). Quiz 2 (compressed postscript).

Assignments and projects for Winter 2006.

Assignment 1 (compressed postscript).	Assignment 1 (html pages).	Posted Jan. 20	Due Feb. 6
Assignment 2 (compressed postscript).	Assignment 2 (html pages).	Posted Feb. 8	Due Feb. 24
Assignment 3 (compressed postscript).	Assignment 3 (html pages).	Posted March. 2	Due Mar. 26
Project	Posted Mar. 17	Due Apr. 17

Quizzes from Winter 2006.

Quiz 1 (html pages). Quiz 1 (compressed postscript). Quiz 2 (html pages). Quiz 2 (compressed postscript). Quiz 3 (html pages). Quiz 3 (compressed postscript). Quiz 4 (html pages). Quiz 4 (compressed postscript).

Quizzes from Winter 2005.

Quiz 1 (html pages). Quiz 1 (compressed postscript). Quiz 2 (html pages). Quiz 2 (compressed postscript). Quiz 3 (html pages). Quiz 3 (compressed postscript).

Assignments and Projects from Winter 2005.

Assignment 1 (html pages). Assignment 1 (compressed postscript). Project 1 (html pages). Project 1 (compressed postscript). Projects 2 (html pages). Projects 2 (compressed postscript).

Ressources.

These are links to some books and software related to the course.

• The Modern Computer Algebra book
• The Aldor web site
• The AXIOM Computer Algebra System at NAG ltd
• Doanload AXIOM

Some Papers on Fast Arithmetic

Fast Algorithms for Manipulating Formal Power Series by R.P. Brent and H.T. Kung

Practical Fast Polynomial Multiplication by Robert T.Moenck

Notes on the Truncated Fourier Transform by Joris van der Hoeven

A long note on Mulders' short product by G. Hanrot, P. Zimmermann

Finite Field Linear Algebra Subroutines by Jean-Guillaume Dumas, Thierry Gautier and Clément Pernet

Variations On Computing Reciprocals Of Power Series by Arnold Schönage

Comparing Several GCD Algorithms by Jebelean

Solving Sparse Linear Equations Over Finite Fields by DOUGLAS H. WIEDEMANN

Simple Multivariate Polynomial Multiplication by Victor Pan