Guidelines.

The exam is closed book and all notes are forbidden. The duration of the exam is 3 hours. Each of the 10 exercices will marked be over 4 points except for exercices 9 and 10 which will be marked 2 and 6 respectively. All answers should be written in the answer boxes. No justifications for the answers are needed unless explicitly required. You are expected to do this exam on your own without assistance from anyone else in the class. If possible, please avoid pencils and use pens with dark ink. Thank you.